Zßkladnφm zdrojem informacφ o Linuxu je Linux Documentation Project, kde mimo
jinΘ naleznete nßvody HOWTO (jak na to) a odkazy na dal╣φ dokumenty o
jednotliv²ch Φßstech systΘmu GNU/Linux.
Na strßnce
dodavatel∙ je seznam obchodnφk∙ prodßvajφcφch systΘm Debian
GNU/Linux na CD-ROM. Seznam je °azen² podle stßt∙, tak╛e by nem∞l b²t problΘm
najφt nejbli╛╣φho prodejce.
Pokud ╛ijete mimo USA a mßte p°φstup k internetu, m∙╛ete si stßhnout debianφ
balφΦky z n∞kterΘho z mφstnφch zrcadel archφv∙ Debianu uveden²ch v seznamu zrcadel
Debianu.
V tΘto Φßsti najdete struΦn² popis soubor∙ z adresß°e disks-i386.
Nemusφte si je stahovat v╣echny, staΦφ vybrat jen ty, kterΘ jsou zapot°ebφ pro
va╣i metodu instalace.
V∞t╣ina soubor∙ jsou obrazy disket, nahrßnφm souboru na disketu vytvo°φte
po╛adovan² disk. Tyto obrazy se pochopiteln∞ li╣φ pro diskety r∙zn²ch kapacit.
Nap°φklad 1,44MB je mno╛stvφ dat, kterΘ se vejde na standardnφ 3,5 palcovΘ
diskety. 1,2MB je mno╛stvφ dat, kterΘ se vejde na standardnφ 5,25 palcovΘ
diskety. Pokud takovou mechaniku mßte, pou╛ijte obrazy odpovφdajφcφch disket.
Obrazy disket pro 1,44MB pru╛nΘ disky jsou umφst∞ny v adresß°i
images-1.44. Obrazy disket pro 1,2MB pru╛nΘ disky jsou ulo╛eny v
adresß°i images-1.20. Obrazy pro diskety s kapacitou 2,88MB
(kterΘ se obvykle pou╛φvajφ pro nata╛enφ systΘmu z CD), jsou ulo╛eny v adresß°i
images-2.88.
╚tete-li tento dokument na Internetu, nejspφ╣ si m∙╛ete nahrßt uvedenΘ soubory
kliknutφm na jejich nßzev (zßvisφ na va╣em webovΘm prohlφ╛eΦi). Soubory jsou
jinak dostupnΘ na ftp ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/woody/main/disks-i386/current/
nebo z podobnΘho adresß°e z poΦφtaΦe zrcadlφcφho distribuci Debianu (Oficißlnφ zrcadla
Debianu).
.../current/images-1.20/rescue.bin.../current/images-1.20/safe/rescue.bin.../current/images-1.44/rescue.bin.../current/images-1.44/bf2.4/rescue.bin.../current/images-1.44/compact/rescue.bin.../current/images-1.44/idepci/rescue.bin.../current/images-1.44/safe/rescue.bin.../current/images-2.88/rescue.bin.../current/images-2.88/bf2.4/rescue.bin.../current/images-2.88/compact/rescue.bin.../current/images-2.88/idepci/rescue.bin.../current/images-1.20/root.bin.../current/images-1.44/root.bin.../current/images-1.44/compact/root.bin.../current/images-1.44/idepci/root.bin.../current/images-1.44/bf2.4/root.bin.../current/dosutils/loadlin.exe.../current/install.bat.../current/bf2.4/install.bat.../current/compact/install.bat.../current/idepci/install.bat.../current/bf2.4/tftpboot.img.../current/compact/tftpboot.img.../current/idepci/tftpboot.imgroot.bin.
Obraz linuxovΘho jßdra se pou╛φvß k instalaci z pevnΘho disku. Pro instalaci z disket nenφ pot°eba.
.../current/linux.bin.../current/bf2.4/linux.bin.../current/compact/linux.bin.../current/idepci/linux.binTyto soubory obsahujφ moduly jßdra (nebo ovladaΦe) pro ty druhy hardwaru, kterΘ nejsou nezbytnΘ pro zavedenφ instalaΦnφho systΘmu. V²b∞r ovladaΦ∙ provedete ve dvou krocφch: nejprve vyberete p°φslu╣n² archφv s ovladaΦi a potom zvolφte konkrΘtnφ ovladaΦe, kterΘ chcete pou╛φt.
Tyto diskety se pou╛φvajφ a╛ po rozd∞lenφ disku a po instalaci jßdra. Jestli╛e pot°ebujete urΦit² ovladaΦ ji╛ pro zavedenφ instalaΦnφho systΘmu, vyberte si jßdro, kterΘ tento ovladaΦ obsahuje a nezapome≥te zadat vhodnΘ zavßd∞cφ parametry. Viz V²b∞r sprßvnΘ instalaΦnφ sady, Oddφl 4.2.2 a Zavßd∞cφ argumenty, Oddφl 5.1.
Pamatujte, ╛e archφv ovladaΦ∙ musφ b²t ve shod∞ s prvotnφm v²b∞rem jßdra.
.../current/images-1.20/driver-1.bin.../current/images-1.20/driver-2.bin.../current/images-1.20/driver-3.bin.../current/images-1.20/driver-4.bin.../current/images-1.20/driver-5.bin.../current/images-1.20/safe/driver-1.bin.../current/images-1.20/safe/driver-2.bin.../current/images-1.20/safe/driver-3.bin.../current/images-1.20/safe/driver-4.bin.../current/images-1.20/safe/driver-5.bin.../current/images-1.44/driver-1.bin.../current/images-1.44/driver-2.bin.../current/images-1.44/driver-3.bin.../current/images-1.44/driver-4.bin.../current/images-1.44/bf2.4/driver-1.bin.../current/images-1.44/bf2.4/driver-2.bin.../current/images-1.44/bf2.4/driver-3.bin.../current/images-1.44/bf2.4/driver-4.bin.../current/images-1.44/compact/driver-1.bin.../current/images-1.44/compact/driver-2.bin.../current/images-1.44/idepci/driver-1.bin.../current/images-1.44/safe/driver-1.bin.../current/images-1.44/safe/driver-2.bin.../current/images-1.44/safe/driver-3.bin.../current/images-1.44/safe/driver-4.bin.../current/drivers.tgz.../current/bf2.4/drivers.tgz.../current/compact/drivers.tgz.../current/idepci/drivers.tgzTyto soubory jsou pot°eba pouze pro poΦφtaΦe bez funkΦnφho sφ╗ovΘho p°ipojenφ. Obsahujφ nutnΘ programy pro b∞h zßkladnφho operaΦnφho systΘmu GNU/Linux.
.../base-images-current/images-1.2/base-1.bin.../base-images-current/images-1.2/base-2.bin.../base-images-current/images-1.2/base-3.bin.../base-images-current/images-1.2/base-4.bin.../base-images-current/images-1.2/base-5.bin.../base-images-current/images-1.2/base-6.bin.../base-images-current/images-1.2/base-7.bin.../base-images-current/images-1.2/base-8.bin.../base-images-current/images-1.2/base-9.bin.../base-images-current/images-1.2/base-10.bin.../base-images-current/images-1.2/base-11.bin.../base-images-current/images-1.2/base-12.bin.../base-images-current/images-1.2/base-13.bin.../base-images-current/images-1.2/base-14.bin.../base-images-current/images-1.2/base-15.bin.../base-images-current/images-1.2/base-16.bin.../base-images-current/images-1.2/base-17.bin.../base-images-current/images-1.2/base-18.bin.../base-images-current/images-1.2/base-19.bin.../base-images-current/images-1.2/base-20.bin.../base-images-current/images-1.2/base-21.bin.../base-images-current/images-1.2/base-22.bin.../base-images-current/images-1.2/base-23.bin.../base-images-current/images-1.44/base-1.bin.../base-images-current/images-1.44/base-2.bin.../base-images-current/images-1.44/base-3.bin.../base-images-current/images-1.44/base-4.bin.../base-images-current/images-1.44/base-5.bin.../base-images-current/images-1.44/base-6.bin.../base-images-current/images-1.44/base-7.bin.../base-images-current/images-1.44/base-8.bin.../base-images-current/images-1.44/base-9.bin.../base-images-current/images-1.44/base-10.bin.../base-images-current/images-1.44/base-11.bin.../base-images-current/images-1.44/base-12.bin.../base-images-current/images-1.44/base-13.bin.../base-images-current/images-1.44/base-14.bin.../base-images-current/images-1.44/base-15.bin.../base-images-current/images-1.44/base-16.bin.../base-images-current/images-1.44/base-17.bin.../base-images-current/images-1.44/base-18.bin.../base-images-current/images-1.44/base-19.bin.../base-images-current/images-1.44/base-20.bin.../base-images-current/basedebs.tarhttp://http.us.debian.org/debian/dists/woody/main/disks-i386/current/dosutils/rawrite2.exeV Linuxu existuje v adresß°i /dev spousta specißlnφch soubor∙ naz²van²ch soubory za°φzenφ. V unixovΘm sv∞t∞ se k hardwaru p°istupuje prßv∞ p°es tyto soubory. Soubor za°φzenφ je vlastn∞ abstraktnφ rozhranφ k systΘmovΘmu ovladaΦi, kter² komunikuje p°φmo s hardwarem. V nßsledujφcφm v²pisu je uvedeno n∞kolik d∙le╛it²ch soubor∙ za°φzenφ.
fd0 1. disketovß mechanika
fd1 2. disketovß mechanika
hda pevn² disk IDE / CD-ROM na prvnφm IDE °adiΦi (Master)
hdb pevn² disk IDE / CD-ROM na prvnφm IDE °adiΦi (Slave)
hdc pevn² disk IDE / CD-ROM na druhΘm IDE °adiΦi (Master)
hdd pevn² disk IDE / CD-ROM na druhΘm IDE °adiΦi (Slave)
hda1 1. oblast na prvnφm pevnΘm IDE disku
hdd15 15. oblast na ΦtvrtΘm pevnΘm IDE disku
sda pevn² disk SCSI s nejni╛╣φm SCSI ID (tj. 0)
sdb pevn² disk SCSI s nejbli╛╣φm vy╣╣φm SCSI ID (tj. 1)
sdc pevn² disk SCSI s nejbli╛╣φm vy╣╣φm SCSI ID (tj. 2)
sda1 1. oblast na prvnφm pevnΘm SCSI disku
sdd10 10. oblast na ΦtvrtΘm pevnΘm SCSI disku
sr0 SCSI CD-ROM s nejni╛╣φm SCSI ID
sr1 SCSI CD-ROM s nejbli╛╣φm vy╣╣φm SCSI ID
ttyS0 sΘriov² port 0, pod MS-DOSem COM1
ttyS1 sΘriov² port 1, pod MS-DOSem COM2
psaux rozhranφ my╣i na portu PS/2
gpmdata pseudoza°φzenφ - jenom opakuje data zφskanß z GPM (ovladaΦ my╣i)
cdrom symbolick² odkaz na CD-ROM mechaniku
mouse symbolick² odkaz na rozhranφ my╣i
null cokoliv po╣lete na toto za°φzenφ, zmizφ
zero z tohoto za°φzenφ m∙╛ete a╛ do nekoneΦna Φφst nuly
My╣ m∙╛ete pou╛φvat jak na konzoli, tak v prost°edφ X Window. Je toho dosa╛eno pou╛itφm gpm opakovaΦe, kter² p°eposφlß signßl z my╣i k X serveru.
my╣ => /dev/psaux => gpm => /dev/gpmdata -> /dev/mouse => X
/dev/ttyS0 (opakovaΦ) (symbolick² odkaz)
/dev/ttyS1
V souboru /etc/gpm.conf nastavte opakovacφ protokol na hodnotu
,,raw'' a v X ponechte p∙vodnφ my╣φ protokol (soubory
/etc/X11/XF86Config nebo /etc/X11/XF86Config-4).
D∙vod pou╛itφ gpm i pro X Window System je ten, ╛e kdy╛ se my╣ neoΦekßvan∞ odpojφ, staΦφ restartovat pouze gpm.
user@debian:# /etc/init.d/gpm restart
Pokud z n∞jakΘho d∙vodu nemßte gpm nainstalovanΘ nebo ho nepou╛φvßte, nastavte
Xy, aby Φetly p°φmo z my╣φho za°φzenφ (nap°. /dev/psaux). Mnohem vφce
informacφ najdete v
/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/en-txt/mini/3-Button-Mouse.gz, man
gpm, /usr/share/doc/gpm/FAQ.gz a README.mouse.
Zßkladnφ instalace woodyho na autorov∞ poΦφtaΦi vy╛adovala 117MB. V╣echny standardnφ balφΦky v distribuci zabraly po sta╛enφ 38MB a po instalaci 123MB. Tak╛e k instalaci zßkladnφho systΘmu a v╣ech standardnφch balφΦk∙ bylo pot°eba 278MB.
Nßsledujφcφ tabulka ukazuje velikosti ·loh tak, jak je vypisuje program aptitude (mimochodem, velmi p∞knß aplikace). Na systΘmu, ze kterΘho jsme tuto tabulku zφskali, ji╛ byly nainstalovßny v╣echny standardnφ balφky. Proto╛e se mohou balφky v n∞kter²ch ·lohßch p°ekr²vat, je mo╛nΘ, ╛e celkovß velikost instalovan²ch ·loh bude men╣φ ne╛ souΦet jejich velikostφ.
┌loha ZabranΘ mφsto (v MB)
po instalaci po sta╛enφ k instalaci
stolnφ poΦφtaΦ 345 118 463
X Window System 78 36 114
hry 49 14 63
Debian Jr. 340 124 464
p°ipojenφ vytßΦenou linkou 28 8 36
p°enosn² poΦφtaΦ 3 1 4
v∞deckΘ aplikace 110 30 140
C a C++ 32 15 47
Python 103 30 133
Tcl/Tk 37 11 48
Fortran 10 4 14
souborov² server 1 - 1
po╣tovnφ server 4 3 7
news server 6 2 8
tiskov² server 48 18 66
konvenΦnφ unixov² server 55 19 74
webov² server 4 1 5
TeX/LaTeX 171 64 235
zjednodu╣enΘ ΦφnskΘ prost°edφ 80 29 109
tradiΦnφ ΦφnskΘ prost°edφ 166 68 234
cyrilice 29 13 42
francouzskΘ prost°edφ 60 18 78
n∞meckΘ prost°edφ 31 9 40
japonskΘ prost°edφ 110 53 163
korejskΘ prost°edφ 178 72 250
polskΘ prost°edφ 58 27 85
ruskΘ prost°edφ 12 6 18
╣pan∞lskΘ prost°edφ 15 4 19
Zavßd∞cφ argument verbose zp∙sobφ, ╛e instalaΦnφ program:
Naopak argumentem quiet docφlφte toho, ╛e instalaΦnφ systΘm:
Instalace systΘmu Debian GNU/Linux 3.0 na architektu°e Intel x86
verze 3.0.23, 15 May, 2002